Trade Basics
Cross-border equipment purchases involve Incoterms, customs classification, inspection and payment structure. Getting these wrong costs more than the machine price difference.
Incoterms
| Term | Seller handles | Buyer handles |
|---|---|---|
| EXW | Goods at factory | Everything else |
| FOB | Loading at port | Freight, insurance, import |
| CIF | Freight and insurance to port | Import clearance |
| DDP | Delivery and duties | Unloading only |
HS classification
Laser cutting machines typically fall under HS 8456 (machine tools operated by laser). The exact subheading depends on the machine type; classification errors cause delays and penalties.
Inspection and payment
- Pre-shipment inspection, ideally with a third party for high-value orders.
- Payment: letter of credit for new suppliers, staged payments (deposit + shipping + acceptance) for established ones.
- Spare parts and packing list checked before shipment.
Verify HS classification and duties with a customs broker before ordering — this page is general guidance, not legal advice.